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Handbooks/Manuals and Country Practices
Features relevant handbooks, manuals, articles, and papers on country practices, on issues related to methodology, compilation and data sources for the national accounts.
System of National Accounts (2008 SNA)
Institution: United Nations, IMF, Worldbank, European Commission, OECD
Year: 2008
Language(s): English French Spanish Russian Arabic Chinese
Abstract: This handbook provides the authoritative set of recommendations for national accounts compilation. It serves as guideline for classifying and computing all economic transactions and balance sheets items for all countries. It also presents the accounting rules, the accounts and tables, and their inte...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/sna2008.pdf
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European System of Accounts (ESA 2010)
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2010
Language(s): English German French
Abstract: The European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) is the newest internationally compatible EU accounting framework for a systematic and detailed description of the economies of the European member states. It was implemented in September 2014; from that date onwards the data transmission from Member States ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/esa-2010/
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Statistics Brief: New standards for compiling national accounts: what’s the impact on GDP and other macro-economic indicators?
Institution: OECD
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Statistics Brief briefly explains the quantitatively most important conceptual changes in the international standards for compiling national accounts: enlarging the capital base with Research and Development (R&D) and military weapon systems; the recording of pension entitlements; the classific...
https://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/new-standards-for-compiling-national-accounts-SNA2008-OECDSB20.pdf
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Essential SNA – Building the Basics
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2014
Language(s): English French Spanish
Abstract: This handbook proposes an approach to the implementation of the SNA in developing countries and illustrates the gradual compilation of the accounts and tables that are considered most relevant for addressing policy issues. It has been superseded by the Eurostat on-line textbook: Building the System ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-GQ-14-008
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The 2008 SNA - compilation in brief: A complement to the System of National Accounts 2008
Institution: Worldbank
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: The SNA aims to cover all aspects of all economies necessary to measure economic activity comprehensively and in a manner that will be comparable over time and across countries. This is ambitious and because large, complex economies must be covered as well as smaller and less complex ones, the resul...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/2008SNA-CompilationBrief.pdf
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The 2008 SNA – concepts in brief: A complement to the System of National Accounts 2008
Institution: Worldbank
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: Many of the concepts described in 2008 SNA are of limited (or possibly no) relevance to many small developing countries, such as a description of sophisticated financial instruments. This is an abbreviated version of the full text of the 2008 SNA, but it still covers the most important concepts and ...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/2008SNA-ConceptsBrief.pdf
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Practical guidelines for revising ESA 2010 data
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2019
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook has been prepared as a practical tool at the disposal of compilers of ESA 2010-based national and regional accounts. Its objective is to translate the voluntary EU recommendations on data revisions into specific practices ensuring accurate, reliable, consistent and comparable data. The...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/9530664/KS-GQ-18-012-EN-N.pdf/19dc3542-aa34-4b6b-a981-8a4f244074e8
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EURONA — Eurostat review on National Accounts and Macroeconomic Indicators
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2021
Language(s): English
Abstract: EURONA – an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal on methodology, techniques, standards, methods and practices on National Accounts and macroeconomic indicators. EURONA, 2019/1 This first issue of 2019 includes articles on the measurement of economic well-being and sustainability, of activ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/national-accounts/publications/eurona
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Updates and Amendments to the System of National Accounts, 1993
Institution: UNSD, SOEC, IMF, OECD, Worldbank
Year: 2004
Language(s): English
Abstract: The methodological material presented in this publication complements the recommendations of the System of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA) and reflects the changes and improvements that have been introduced to the 1993 SNA. This document is intended for use by statisticians at the national and int...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/seriesf_2rev4_add1e.pdf
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National Accounts: A Practical Introduction
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2003
Language(s): English French Spanish Russian Chinese Arabic
Abstract: Basic concepts and structures of the System of National Accounts (SNA) are provided in this handbook designed to familiarize economists and policy makers with national accounts. The main purpose of this publication is to serve as a guide to reading and understanding the SNA.
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/seriesF_85.pdf
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Use of the System of National Accounts in Economies in Transition, 1996
Institution: UNSD
Year: 1996
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook provides guidance for national accountants on the application of international standards on national accounts in "transition economies" and other countries introducing market mechanisms. It reviews how shifts in production from public to private and from non-market to market production...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_66E.pdf
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A Systems Approach to National Accounts Compilation
Institution: UNSD
Year: 1999
Language(s): English
Abstract: This document, which is based on the 1993 System of National Accounts, provides a general framework in which the multitude of worldwide experiences in the field of national accounts compilation can be incorporated and thus can be compared and discussed for the benefit of political and technical deci...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_77E.pdf
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Building national capacity for monitoring the economic development in an African country: The case of Malawi
Institution: Statistics Norway
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: This report gives a detailed account of the development of the cooperation between Statistics Norway and the Office for National Statistics (UK) in Malawi on National Accounts in the early 2000s. A main area was support to economic statistics and planning. This included cooperation on the three majo...
https://www.ssb.no/en/nasjonalregnskap-og-konjunkturer/artikler-og-publikasjoner/building-national-capacity-for-monitoring-the-economic-development-in-an-african-country-the-case-of-malawi
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Guidelines for monitoring the 2008 SNA implementation
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This document provides guidelines for monitoring implementation of the 2008 SNA. The efficiency and sustainability of the global statistical initiative for the implementation of the 2008 SNA rest on the agreed principles of the implementation strategy, namely: (a) strategic planning, (b) coordinatio...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/guidelines.pdf
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Guidelines on Integrated Economic Statistics
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: The guidelines are published for use as a methodological tool and a compendium of case studies on the integrated approach to economic statistics in order to assist countries in producing macroeconomic statistics that are consistent and coherent with short-term, annual and benchmark economic statisti...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/IES-Guidelines-e.pdf
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Consistency of ESA 2010 based national accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2020
Language(s): English
Abstract: These guidelines have been prepared to help national accounts compilers implement measures to improve the numerical consistency of the accounts. This handbook contains definitions, explanations, recommendations and examples of good practice under the current 2010 European system of national and regi...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/10758445/KS-GQ-20-004-EN-N.pdf/d650560e-11c5-f1e4-cb84-953f6c56c7c3
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Consistency between national accounts and balance of payment statistics — an updated view on the non-financial accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: Since the new standard methodology BPM6/ESA2010 requires full consistency of Balance of Payments (BOP) and National Accounts (NA) statistics, an assessment of the consistency between the balance of payments (BOP) and the rest-of-the-world (ROW) account in the national accounts appears justified. Sin...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/7870049/8244331/KS-FT-17-008-EN-N.pdf/
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Handbook on Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables with Extensions and Applications
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook provides a step-by-step guidance for the compilation of SUTs and IOTs and an overview of their possible extensions. The SUTs are an integral part of the 2008 SNA forming the central framework for the compilation of a single and coherent estimate of GDP integrating all the components of...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/SUT_IOT_HB_Final_Cover.pdf
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Handout accompanying the Handbook on Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables with Extensions and Applications
Institution: ONS
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handout contains various key notes and diagrams for best practice(s) in compiling SUTs and IOTs.
https://unstats.un.org/Unsd/nationalaccount/workshops/2018/beijing/Handout.pdf
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Handbook of Input-Output Table Compilation and Analysis, 1999
Institution: UNSD
Year: 1999
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook shows national accounts compilers how to integrate SUTs and symmetric input-output tables within the system of national accounts. It covers in detail the conceptual and statistical integration of the supply and use tables within the 1993 SNA. The main areas are 1) the analytical and st...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_74E.pdf
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Eurostat Manual of Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables, 2008
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2008
Language(s): English
Abstract: Supply and use tables and symmetric input-output tables provide the most detailed picture of an economy and are an integral part of the European System of Accounts. The present Input-Output Manual discusses compilation issues and provides best practices and harmonised solutions. The supply and use a...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-RA-07-013
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Norwegian Methodology for Supply and Use Tables and Input-Output Tables
Institution: Statistics Norway
Year: 2009
Language(s): English
Abstract: The National Accounts SUT compilation system described in this document has been developed in Statistics Norway over many years. Many staff members, both National Accounts and IT experts, have been involved in the work. This document describes this process and provides practical recommendations in t...
https://www.ssb.no/a/english/publikasjoner/pdf/doc_200908_en/doc_200908_en.pdf
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Micro data linking
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2019
Language(s): English
Abstract: Microdata linking (MDL) provides an opportunity to discover new information and to develop new statistics and indicators both when using existing data sets but also when combining with new data collections. The guidelines for MDL gather past experiences and best practices of the microdata linking, f...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/10295208/KS-GQ-19-013-EN-N.pdf/5e2fdf0a-2bf9-7430-309a-3565fc1d329f
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Links Between Business Accounting and National Accounting
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2000
Language(s): English Arabic Russian Spanish
Abstract: This Handbook is part of a series of handbooks in support of the implementation of the 1993 System of National Accounts. This handbook attempts to cover the conceptual and practical aspects of linking business accounts to national accounts through countries' experiences. From the Handbook, one learn...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_76E.pdf
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Handbook on prices and volume measures in national accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2016
Language(s): English
Abstract: The measurement of prices and volumes in national accounts relates to the decomposition of transaction values in current prices into their price and volume components. This handbook intends to provide a complete discussion of the issues involved in measuring prices and volumes, from the general prin...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/7152852/KS-GQ-14-005-EN-N.pdf/839297d1-3456-487b-8788-24e47b7d98b2
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Chapter 13: Price and Volume Measures in A System of Health Accounts, Revised Edition
Institution: OECD
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This chapter provides a methodological discussion and several illustrative examples of the developmental work related to health care prices and volumes. It outlines some of the difficulties in the calculations of the constant-price output of health care industries both for market and non-market prod...
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264270985-15-en.pdf?expires=1597175922&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=91C414CD7CE206AE5B1B7D4F304F041D
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Handbook on rapid estimates
Institution: UNSD, Eurostat
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: In an ever more interconnected and interdependent world, where time is increasingly of the essence, more reliable and up-to-date data are needed to enable and support the process of effective decision making, e.g. via rapid estimates. This handbook provides an overview of the different types of rap...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8555708/KS-GQ-17-008-EN-N.pdf/7f40c70d-0a44-4459-b5b3-72894e13ca6d
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Overview of GDP flash estimation methods
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2016
Language(s): English
Abstract: The document provides a general overview of methods that are used in Member States for compiling GDP flash estimates at 30 days after the quarter-end. It guides the compiler in the estimation process by following a step-by-step approach. The document discusses preliminary analysis of available data,...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/7242392/KS-TC-16-006-EN-N.pdf/9fe035e2-4a09-4ced-8db1-4cba4163576a
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Overview of employment flash estimation methods
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2019
Language(s): English
Abstract: The document provides a general overview of methods that are used in Member States for compiling employment flash estimates at 30 or 45 days after the quarter-end. It guides the compiler in the estimation process by following a step-by-step approach. The document discusses available source data, est...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/9836910/KS-GQ-19-005-EN-N.pdf/a151de1f-5258-4962-a030-e0ffcfdbfeb6
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The Development and Production of GDP Flash Estimates in a Newly Industrialised Country: The Case of South Africa
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: The experimental method and results from the development and production of a flash estimate of GDP as an official statistic at Statistics South Africa are presented and discussed. This could inform national statistical organisations operating under similar statistical production constraints in other...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/5782433/EWP-2011-023-EN.PDF/4a8fe620-7987-45b3-a8b4-1819a35e69cd?version=1.0
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Using the Serbian Composite Index of the Economic Activity for Flash Estimates of the Real Growth of the Quarterly Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Serbian composite index of the economic activity presents weighted monthly dynamics in industry, construction, trade, transport and telecommunication and other services. Based on its trends, significant information about the monthly dynamics of the economic activity is obtained. However, in orde...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/5782729/EWP-2011-036-EN.PDF/fef84af3-8285-4140-abcc-2b612e16a778?version=1.0
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Guidelines on producing leading, composite and sentiment indicators
Institution: UNECE
Year: 2019
Language(s): English
Abstract: This guide provides comprehensive guidance on leading, composite and sentiment indicators (LCS). LCS indicators offer a powerful way of communicating statistical information and of reaching out to users of statistics. The indicators can provide relevant and timely information on aspects of the econo...
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/2019/ECECESSTAT20192.pdf
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Handbook on Cyclical Composite Indicators
Institution: UNSD, Eurostat
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook provides recommendations and harmonized principles on compilation and presentation of cyclical composite indicators by presenting an overview of the available methods and practices in the field. It also clarifies the precise meaning of a cyclical composite indicator.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8232150/KS-GQ-17-003-EN-N.pdf
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Short-term indicators: Priority assessment, quality, revisions and timeliness
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2005
Language(s): English
Abstract: This publication concerns the proceedings of the 90th DGINS conference, which was held in Paris, 13-14 September 2004. The conference focused on "Short-term indicators: Priority assessment, quality, revisions and timeliness." The proceedings reflect the four themes discussed at the conference: (1) m...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/5769913/KS-63-04-876-EN.PDF/6676b405-c69f-4441-af5d-ccd1d00e09f5?version=1.0
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Quarterly national accounts manual
Institution: IMF
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Quarterly National Accounts Manual (the Manual) provides conceptual and practical guidance for compiling quarterly national accounts (QNA) statistics. The Manual offers a comprehensive review of data sources, statistical methods, and compilation techniques to derive official estimates of quarter...
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/qna/pdf/2017/QNAManual2017text.pdf
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Handbook on quarterly national accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: Handbook on quarterly national accounts (2013) includes the update of ESA 2010 and associated transmission programme, the work of task forces to improve and harmonize particular aspects of QNA. The four factors that contributed most to the update are the adoption by EU MSs of quarterly chain-linked ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5936013/KS-GQ-13-004-EN.PDF/3544793c-0bde-4381-a7ad-a5cfe5d8c8d0
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European Statistical System (ESS) guidelines on temporal disaggregation, benchmarking and reconciliation
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: In official statistics there is an increasing demand for indicators at a higher frequency than have traditionally been observed. Eurostat and the European Statistical System (ESS) developed these guidelines to help data producers derive high frequency data (e.g. quarterly or monthly) from low freque...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/9441376/KS-06-18-355-EN.pdf/fce32fc9-966f-4c13-9d20-8ce6ccf079b6
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A comparison of new and established benchmarking methods
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: Benchmarking is a well established method used widely in official statistics to ensure consistency between time series of differing frequencies. For example, in the production of UK National Accounts a number of areas constrain quarterly time series to sum over the year to a related annual time seri...
https://www.ccimi.maths.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Parallel-Session-7.3-Paper.pdf
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Theory and applications of univariate and multivariate models for temporal disaggregation
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2005
Language(s): English
Abstract: This paper deals with benchmarking techniques. Official statistics have shortcomings such as lack of stability over time and thus insufficient length, definition at lower frequencies than those traditionally needed for business cycle analysis, lack of timeliness etc. that could be in part remedied w...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5838369/KS-DT-05-031-EN.PDF/deb8b580-fac0-45d6-817e-13ae46aa02fe
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Handbook on Seasonal Adjustment
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: Seasonal variation is one of the key factors, if not the key factor, that can impact the analysis of times series. In order to derive a meaningful analysis of the data under consideration, this seasonality has to be taken into account and adjusted for. The purpose of this handbook is to take stock o...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8939616/KS-GQ-18-001-EN-N.pdf/7c4d120a-4b8a-441b-aefd-6afe81a7cf59
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ESS Guidelines on Seasonal Adjustment
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: The establishment of common guidelines for seasonal adjustment within the European Statistical System is an essential step towards a better harmonisation and comparability of infra-annual statistics, especially Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs). Following the first 2009 edition which ha...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/6830795/KS-GQ-15-001-EN-N.pdf/d8f1e5f5-251b-4a69-93e3-079031b74bd3
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Seasonality and unobserved components models: an overview
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2006
Language(s): English
Abstract: Paper presented at the Eurostat Conference on Seasonality, Seasonal Adjustment and their Implications for Short-Term Analysis and Forecasting. It covers a wide range of topics in the area of seasonal adjustment.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5842169/KS-DT-06-019-EN.PDF/f046f027-ef69-4095-aa49-d55119998d19
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Seasonal Adjustment and Forecasting of Quarterly Gross Domestic Product: Estonian Experience
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2006
Language(s): English
Abstract: Paper presented at the Eurostat Conference on Seasonality, Seasonal Adjustment and their Implications for Short-Term Analysis and Forecasting. The paper summarizes experiences with forecasting of quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) using seasonal adjustment methods, regression and ARIMA models.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5841849/KS-DT-06-015-EN.PDF/9966519d-e5d5-4584-b3ad-08a8c4732210
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Temporal disaggregation and seasonal adjustment
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2006
Language(s): English
Abstract: The paper discusses the main issues arising in the construction of quarterly national accounts estimates, adjusted for seasonality and calendar effects, obtained by disaggregating the original annual actual measurements using related monthly indicators. It proposes and implements an approach that ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5836721/KS-DT-05-011-EN.PDF/def4847a-3b6f-43d7-9e6a-3f81123c3a37
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Temporal disaggregation by state space methods: dynamic regression methods revisited
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2006
Language(s): English
Abstract: The paper documents and illustrates state space methods that implement time series disaggregation by regression methods, with dynamics that depend on a single autoregressive parameter. The most popular techniques for the distribution of economic flow variables, such as Chow-Lin, Fernandez and Litter...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5837089/KS-DT-05-015-EN.PDF/6e1d6d03-1e05-47cc-b5af-e5082130945d
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Temporal disaggregation of economic time series: towards a dynamic extension
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2003
Language(s): English
Abstract: A methodological note on the estimation of time series. The paper discusses and extends the main techniques used in dynamic regression models (and possibly transformed data) in the identification of the relationship linking the series to be estimated and the (set of) related time series.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5816173/KS_AN-03-035-EN.PDF/21c4417c-dbec-45ec-b440-fe8bf95661b7?version=1.0
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Manual on regional accounts methods - 2013 edition
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Manual on regional accounts is an update of the two methodological booklets of 1996. In addition, it includes the modifications introduced by the ESA 2010. ‘Regional accounts are a regional specification of the corresponding accounts of the national economy. Regional accounts provide a regional...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-GQ-13-001
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Regional (NUTS 3) Gross Value Added Inventory
Institution: Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Regional Gross Value Added (GVA) Inventory provides a detailed explanation of the sources and methods used for estimating gross value added (GVA) in MALTA. It is the basis for the assessment of the quality and exhaustiveness of regional GVA data by Eurostat and their compliance with the European...
https://nso.gov.mt/en/nso/Sources_and_Methods/Unit_02/Regional_and_Geospatial_Statistics/Documents/Regional%20GVA%20Inventory_final.pdf
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Regional accounts methods: Household accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 1996
Language(s): English French German
Abstract: This handbook contains practical recommendations for compiling the regional accounts of private households. Even though it is compiled for the European Union, it can serve as source of inspiration also outside that area for understanding how to define a regional territory and to compile transactions...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/CA-95-96-746
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Regional accounts methods: Tables of General Government
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 1999
Language(s): English
Abstract: The purpose of this manual is to present a methodological approach to obtaining meaningful regional figures on government transactions and units belonging to the government sector. Even if it is not possible totally to regionalise the transactions of general government, useful data for regional anal...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/statmanuals/files/KS-27-00-508-EN.pdf
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Regional accounts methods: Gross value-added and gross fixed capital formation by activity
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 1995
Language(s): English
Abstract: This document expands on the principles settled in the 95 ESA regional chapter to compile regional accounts by industries. The manual intends to give to regional statisticians a clear guidance on the concepts and methods to compile harmonized gross domestic product (GDP), gross value added (GVA) and...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5826149/CA-87-95-943-EN.PDF/ab62f034-d8ce-44e8-93e4-aa1be4f55fd5?version=1.0
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How to treat multi-regional units and the extra-territorial region in the regional accounts?
Institution: Central Bureau of Statistics, The Netherlands
Year: 1992
Language(s): English
Abstract: This paper discusses the regionalization of production and capital formation by multi-regional kind-of-activity units. It also examines the circumstances in which a unit may be said to have a local kind-of activity unit in the extra-territorial region and what should be attributed to this "region".
https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2006/24/na-54-how-to-treat-multi-regional-units-and-the-extra-territorial-region-in-the-regional-accounts-
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Handbook on the compilation of statistics on illegal economic activities in national accounts and balance of payments
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: The present Handbook represents the first comprehensive overview of conceptual and practical issues related the compilation of statistics on illegal economic activities (IEAs) in national accounts (NA) and balance of payments (BOP). Estimating the extent or the value of IEAs is clearly problematic...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8714610/KS-05-17-202-EN-N.pdf/eaf638df-17dc-47a1-9ab7-fe68476100ec
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Measuring the non-observed economy: A handbook
Institution: OECD, IMF, CIS Stat
Year: 2002
Language(s): English French
Abstract: The non-observed economy comprises production activities that are illegal, underground, informal, or otherwise missed by the statistical system. Unless efforts are made to deal with such activities, economic indicators are under-estimated. This can be a serious issue, particularly in transition and ...
https://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/1963116.pdf
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Non-observed economy in national accounts: A survey of country practices
Institution: UNECE
Year: 2008
Language(s): English
Abstract: This report discusses country practices in the coverage of the non-observed economy. The complete coverage of economic production is important in order to ensure good quality national accounts and exhaustive estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A lot of attention is paid to the possibility of ...
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/NOE2008.pdf
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The measurement of the non-observed economy in South Africa
Institution: Statistics South Africa
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This paper provides an overview on how the non-observed economy is defined and the current status of these estimates in the national accounts statistics of South Africa. It is essential that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) estimates be calculated according to international standards and guidelines as p...
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Eurostat-OECD compilation guide on inventories - 2017 edition
Institution: Eurostat, OECD
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Eurostat-OECD compilation guide on inventories represents the first comprehensive overview of conceptual and practical issues related to the compilation of the balance-sheet item ‘inventories’ in the national accounts. The estimation of inventories and changes in inventories in national accou...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8228095/KS-GQ-17-005-EN-N.pdf/12e80726-35a3-46a9-869a-8f77ca3be742
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Measuring Capital
Institution: OECD
Year: 2009
Language(s): English
Abstract: Capital plays a fundamental role in the process of production and it is a significant component of wealth and source of income. It is vital that both stock and flow aspects of capital are well measured in order to support the development and monitoring of economic policy, as well as economic analysi...
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264068476-en.pdf?expires=1596911677&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=EAA63B8F4686817A3E2E8DD8DB79A241
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Manual on measuring Research and Development in ESA 2010
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2014
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Manual on measuring Research and Development in ESA 2010 sets out a description of the changes to national accounts of introducing recognition of Research and Development as capital formation. It sets out the consequences for the national accounts compiled in the European Union and gives worked ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5937049/KS-GQ-14-004-EN.PDF/eed4dfe2-9b89-4c30-8c49-f6152912c1a7
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Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products
Institution: OECD
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: This guide discusses compilation methods for measuring national accounts aggregates related to the extraction of natural resource wealth. It identifies key analytical uses of the macroeconomic statistics on natural resources, presenting transactions and other flows related to the natural resources i...
http://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/44312350.pdf
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Compilation Guide to Analyze Natural Resources in the National Accounts
Institution: IMF
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Guide to Analyze Natural Resources in the National Accounts (The Guide) presents and explains a set of standard Template Tables using the concepts recommended in the United Nations’ System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA). Economic activity associated with natural resources is macro-critica...
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/qna/pdf/na.pdf
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Eurostat-OECD survey of national practices in estimating net stocks of structures
Institution: Eurostat, OECD
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: This report presents the responses to a 2013 Eurostat-OECD survey of national practices for estimating depreciation and net capital stocks ('wealth stocks') of dwellings and other buildings and structures in national accounts. The survey, endorsed by the Eurostat-OECD Task Force on land and other no...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/24987/4253483/Eurostat-OECD-survey-of-national-practices-estimating-net-stocks-structures.pdf
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Eurostat-OECD compilation guide on land estimation
Institution: Eurostat, OECD
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: The aim of the compilation guide is to provide conceptual and practical guidance to statisticians concerning the estimation and valuation of land and to increase international comparability. The guide clarifies theoretical concepts and proposes a breakdown of land into categories so that internation...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/6893405/KS-GQ-14-012-EN-N.pdf
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Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products
Institution: OECD
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook provides guidance in the statistical treatment of research and experimental development as capital formation. The latest System of National Accounts (the 2008 SNA) explicitly recognises, for the first time, that expenditures on research and experimental development (R&D) should be reco...
http://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/44312350.pdf
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Final Report on Intellectual Property Products
Institution: OECD, Eurostat
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: The report focuses on three types of intellectual property rights (IPPs): research and development, computer software and databases, and other IPPs. The main aim is to provide practical guidance and recommendations to countries to compile estimates for IPPs. The report describes available data sourc...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/24987/725066/Eurostat-OECD+Report+on+Intellectual+Property+Products.pdf
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Measurement of Government Output and Productivity for the National Accounts
Institution:
Year: 2005
Language(s): English
Abstract: The paper by Anthony B. Atkinson deals with the measurement of government output in the United Kingdom through various ways of estimating productivity in the key functional areas of health, education, public order and safety and social protection.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50859339_The_Atkinson_review_final_report_Measurement_of_government_output_and_productivity_for_the_national_accounts
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Measuring Productivity
Institution: OECD
Year: 2001
Language(s): English
Abstract: Measures of productivity growth constitute core indicators for the analysis of economic growth. However, there are many different approaches to productivity measurement and their calculation and interpretation requires careful consideration, in particular when undertaking international comparisons. ...
http://www.oecd.org/sdd/productivity-stats/2352458.pdf
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Guide to Measuring Global Production
Institution: UNECE
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: Global production has evolved and now encompasses a broad range of business arrangements and organizational forms. Today, multinational enterprises (MNE) account for a large share of international trade between countries. National statistical institutes (NSI) need to keep track of the changing forms...
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/2015/Guide_to_Measuring_Global_Production__2015_.pdf
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The Impact of Globalization on National Accounts
Institution: UNECE
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Guide focuses on the main aspects of globalization and recommends solutions and best practices aimed at improving the design, processing and use of the data and achieving better international consistency in the identified problem areas. It examines how globalization affects the compilation of e...
https://www.unsiap.or.jp/e-learning/el_material/4_Eco/4_1_Eco_stat/2020_01_SUT_JPN/References/Guide_on_Impact_of_globalization_on_national_accounts.pdf
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Technical Compilation Guide for Pension Data in National Accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2012
Language(s): English
Abstract: The European Commission (Eurostat) and the European Central Bank (ECB) have released the Technical Compilation Guide for Pension Data in National Accounts. The Guide, produced by the two institutions, is a handbook for compilers and users of data on pension schemes in social insurance. It aims at su...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5922461/KS-RA-11-027-EN.PDF/7a18e53d-8ffa-4397-ad03-04450bb35b02
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The statistical recording of an unbalanced transfer of pension obligations to government under ESA 2010
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: This note is about the statistical treatment of unbalanced transfers of pension obligations to government in the European Union. Institutional units, including private corporations, public corporations and government entities, may set up specific pension schemes for their own staff. For various reas...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1015035/2041337/ESTAT-decision-Unbalanced-transfer-pension-oblig-to-gov-.pdf
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Handbook of National Accounting Financial Production, Flows and Stocks in the System of National Accounts
Institution: UNSD, European Central Bank
Year: 2014
Language(s): English French Spanish Arabic
Abstract: The purpose of the Handbook of National Accounting: Financial Production, Flows and Stocks is to strengthen the statistical capacity for compiling financial transactions in the national accounts, in accordance with the implementation programme for the 2008 SNA. The concepts are described and defined...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/FinancialHB.pdf
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Measurement of Financial Services
Institution: COMESA
Year: 2012
Language(s): English
Abstract: This manual deals with the measurement of financial services and related issues regarding the financial sector. The main focus is on the measurement of output and therefore, the manual is organised according to how output is measured. Each chapter discusses the measurement of output at current an...
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Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of ESA 95 financial accounts, Second Edition - 2011 update
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This re-edition of the 'Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of ESA95 financial accounts, 2nd edition' includes an update of the chapter on recommendations and the one on Switzerland and gives a comprehensive description of the latest national sources and methodologies. The aim of the m...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5916041/KS-RA-11-004-EN.PDF/da51831e-2a23-427f-b964-d70839c7fd28
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Foreign trade reported by non-residents
Institution: Eurostat, OECD
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: This methodological note examines issues related to international trade reported by non-residents. It highlights the importance of the concept of change of ownership, and that the physical movement of goods is not a determining factor in the compilation of foreign trade.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/7102126/ESA-2010-note/3474d0b4-c358-41ed-8aa0-d13b6b828c99
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Handbook on the compilation of statistics on sea and air transport in national accounts and balance of payments
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2020
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Handbook represents the first comprehensive overview of conceptual and practical issues related the compilation of statistics on sea and air transport in national accounts (NA) and balance of payments (BOP). Specifically, it shows how to estimate the contribution of the use of vessels and aircr...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/11126476/KS-GQ-20-007-EN-N.pdf/f055495a-90d2-dc3a-46ac-c67701c6a623
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Differences between Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade Statistics
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2004
Language(s): English
Abstract: Given that foreign trade is treated exactly the same way in the NA and BoP, the discussion in this document on the differences between the BoP and FTS are pertinent also in the context of NA compilation. Both the BoP/NA and the FTS provide data for the external trade in goods of a given country, but...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5829933/KS-DB-04-001-EN.PDF/9948afe5-bcf6-45b2-85d6-2f580d6ec759
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Institution: United Nations, IMF, Worldbank, European Commission, OECD
Year: 2008
Language(s): English French Spanish Russian Arabic Chinese
Abstract: This handbook provides the authoritative set of recommendations for national accounts compilation. It serves as guideline for classifying and computing all economic transactions and balance sheets items for all countries. It also presents the accounting rules, the accounts and tables, and their inte...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/sna2008.pdf
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European System of Accounts (ESA 2010)
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2010
Language(s): English German French
Abstract: The European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) is the newest internationally compatible EU accounting framework for a systematic and detailed description of the economies of the European member states. It was implemented in September 2014; from that date onwards the data transmission from Member States ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/esa-2010/
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Statistics Brief: New standards for compiling national accounts: what’s the impact on GDP and other macro-economic indicators?
Institution: OECD
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Statistics Brief briefly explains the quantitatively most important conceptual changes in the international standards for compiling national accounts: enlarging the capital base with Research and Development (R&D) and military weapon systems; the recording of pension entitlements; the classific...
https://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/new-standards-for-compiling-national-accounts-SNA2008-OECDSB20.pdf
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Essential SNA – Building the Basics
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2014
Language(s): English French Spanish
Abstract: This handbook proposes an approach to the implementation of the SNA in developing countries and illustrates the gradual compilation of the accounts and tables that are considered most relevant for addressing policy issues. It has been superseded by the Eurostat on-line textbook: Building the System ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-GQ-14-008
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The 2008 SNA - compilation in brief: A complement to the System of National Accounts 2008
Institution: Worldbank
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: The SNA aims to cover all aspects of all economies necessary to measure economic activity comprehensively and in a manner that will be comparable over time and across countries. This is ambitious and because large, complex economies must be covered as well as smaller and less complex ones, the resul...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/2008SNA-CompilationBrief.pdf
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The 2008 SNA – concepts in brief: A complement to the System of National Accounts 2008
Institution: Worldbank
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: Many of the concepts described in 2008 SNA are of limited (or possibly no) relevance to many small developing countries, such as a description of sophisticated financial instruments. This is an abbreviated version of the full text of the 2008 SNA, but it still covers the most important concepts and ...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/2008SNA-ConceptsBrief.pdf
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Practical guidelines for revising ESA 2010 data
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2019
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook has been prepared as a practical tool at the disposal of compilers of ESA 2010-based national and regional accounts. Its objective is to translate the voluntary EU recommendations on data revisions into specific practices ensuring accurate, reliable, consistent and comparable data. The...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/9530664/KS-GQ-18-012-EN-N.pdf/19dc3542-aa34-4b6b-a981-8a4f244074e8
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EURONA — Eurostat review on National Accounts and Macroeconomic Indicators
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2021
Language(s): English
Abstract: EURONA – an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal on methodology, techniques, standards, methods and practices on National Accounts and macroeconomic indicators. EURONA, 2019/1 This first issue of 2019 includes articles on the measurement of economic well-being and sustainability, of activ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/national-accounts/publications/eurona
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Updates and Amendments to the System of National Accounts, 1993
Institution: UNSD, SOEC, IMF, OECD, Worldbank
Year: 2004
Language(s): English
Abstract: The methodological material presented in this publication complements the recommendations of the System of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA) and reflects the changes and improvements that have been introduced to the 1993 SNA. This document is intended for use by statisticians at the national and int...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/seriesf_2rev4_add1e.pdf
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National Accounts: A Practical Introduction
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2003
Language(s): English French Spanish Russian Chinese Arabic
Abstract: Basic concepts and structures of the System of National Accounts (SNA) are provided in this handbook designed to familiarize economists and policy makers with national accounts. The main purpose of this publication is to serve as a guide to reading and understanding the SNA.
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/seriesF_85.pdf
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Use of the System of National Accounts in Economies in Transition, 1996
Institution: UNSD
Year: 1996
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook provides guidance for national accountants on the application of international standards on national accounts in "transition economies" and other countries introducing market mechanisms. It reviews how shifts in production from public to private and from non-market to market production...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_66E.pdf
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A Systems Approach to National Accounts Compilation
Institution: UNSD
Year: 1999
Language(s): English
Abstract: This document, which is based on the 1993 System of National Accounts, provides a general framework in which the multitude of worldwide experiences in the field of national accounts compilation can be incorporated and thus can be compared and discussed for the benefit of political and technical deci...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_77E.pdf
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Building national capacity for monitoring the economic development in an African country: The case of Malawi
Institution: Statistics Norway
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: This report gives a detailed account of the development of the cooperation between Statistics Norway and the Office for National Statistics (UK) in Malawi on National Accounts in the early 2000s. A main area was support to economic statistics and planning. This included cooperation on the three majo...
https://www.ssb.no/en/nasjonalregnskap-og-konjunkturer/artikler-og-publikasjoner/building-national-capacity-for-monitoring-the-economic-development-in-an-african-country-the-case-of-malawi
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Guidelines for monitoring the 2008 SNA implementation
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This document provides guidelines for monitoring implementation of the 2008 SNA. The efficiency and sustainability of the global statistical initiative for the implementation of the 2008 SNA rest on the agreed principles of the implementation strategy, namely: (a) strategic planning, (b) coordinatio...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/guidelines.pdf
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Guidelines on Integrated Economic Statistics
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: The guidelines are published for use as a methodological tool and a compendium of case studies on the integrated approach to economic statistics in order to assist countries in producing macroeconomic statistics that are consistent and coherent with short-term, annual and benchmark economic statisti...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/IES-Guidelines-e.pdf
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Consistency of ESA 2010 based national accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2020
Language(s): English
Abstract: These guidelines have been prepared to help national accounts compilers implement measures to improve the numerical consistency of the accounts. This handbook contains definitions, explanations, recommendations and examples of good practice under the current 2010 European system of national and regi...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/10758445/KS-GQ-20-004-EN-N.pdf/d650560e-11c5-f1e4-cb84-953f6c56c7c3
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Consistency between national accounts and balance of payment statistics — an updated view on the non-financial accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: Since the new standard methodology BPM6/ESA2010 requires full consistency of Balance of Payments (BOP) and National Accounts (NA) statistics, an assessment of the consistency between the balance of payments (BOP) and the rest-of-the-world (ROW) account in the national accounts appears justified. Sin...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/7870049/8244331/KS-FT-17-008-EN-N.pdf/
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Handbook on Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables with Extensions and Applications
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook provides a step-by-step guidance for the compilation of SUTs and IOTs and an overview of their possible extensions. The SUTs are an integral part of the 2008 SNA forming the central framework for the compilation of a single and coherent estimate of GDP integrating all the components of...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/SUT_IOT_HB_Final_Cover.pdf
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Handout accompanying the Handbook on Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables with Extensions and Applications
Institution: ONS
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handout contains various key notes and diagrams for best practice(s) in compiling SUTs and IOTs.
https://unstats.un.org/Unsd/nationalaccount/workshops/2018/beijing/Handout.pdf
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Handbook of Input-Output Table Compilation and Analysis, 1999
Institution: UNSD
Year: 1999
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook shows national accounts compilers how to integrate SUTs and symmetric input-output tables within the system of national accounts. It covers in detail the conceptual and statistical integration of the supply and use tables within the 1993 SNA. The main areas are 1) the analytical and st...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_74E.pdf
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Eurostat Manual of Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables, 2008
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2008
Language(s): English
Abstract: Supply and use tables and symmetric input-output tables provide the most detailed picture of an economy and are an integral part of the European System of Accounts. The present Input-Output Manual discusses compilation issues and provides best practices and harmonised solutions. The supply and use a...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-RA-07-013
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Norwegian Methodology for Supply and Use Tables and Input-Output Tables
Institution: Statistics Norway
Year: 2009
Language(s): English
Abstract: The National Accounts SUT compilation system described in this document has been developed in Statistics Norway over many years. Many staff members, both National Accounts and IT experts, have been involved in the work. This document describes this process and provides practical recommendations in t...
https://www.ssb.no/a/english/publikasjoner/pdf/doc_200908_en/doc_200908_en.pdf
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Micro data linking
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2019
Language(s): English
Abstract: Microdata linking (MDL) provides an opportunity to discover new information and to develop new statistics and indicators both when using existing data sets but also when combining with new data collections. The guidelines for MDL gather past experiences and best practices of the microdata linking, f...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/10295208/KS-GQ-19-013-EN-N.pdf/5e2fdf0a-2bf9-7430-309a-3565fc1d329f
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Links Between Business Accounting and National Accounting
Institution: UNSD
Year: 2000
Language(s): English Arabic Russian Spanish
Abstract: This Handbook is part of a series of handbooks in support of the implementation of the 1993 System of National Accounts. This handbook attempts to cover the conceptual and practical aspects of linking business accounts to national accounts through countries' experiences. From the Handbook, one learn...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_76E.pdf
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Handbook on prices and volume measures in national accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2016
Language(s): English
Abstract: The measurement of prices and volumes in national accounts relates to the decomposition of transaction values in current prices into their price and volume components. This handbook intends to provide a complete discussion of the issues involved in measuring prices and volumes, from the general prin...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/7152852/KS-GQ-14-005-EN-N.pdf/839297d1-3456-487b-8788-24e47b7d98b2
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Chapter 13: Price and Volume Measures in A System of Health Accounts, Revised Edition
Institution: OECD
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This chapter provides a methodological discussion and several illustrative examples of the developmental work related to health care prices and volumes. It outlines some of the difficulties in the calculations of the constant-price output of health care industries both for market and non-market prod...
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264270985-15-en.pdf?expires=1597175922&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=91C414CD7CE206AE5B1B7D4F304F041D
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Handbook on rapid estimates
Institution: UNSD, Eurostat
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: In an ever more interconnected and interdependent world, where time is increasingly of the essence, more reliable and up-to-date data are needed to enable and support the process of effective decision making, e.g. via rapid estimates. This handbook provides an overview of the different types of rap...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8555708/KS-GQ-17-008-EN-N.pdf/7f40c70d-0a44-4459-b5b3-72894e13ca6d
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Overview of GDP flash estimation methods
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2016
Language(s): English
Abstract: The document provides a general overview of methods that are used in Member States for compiling GDP flash estimates at 30 days after the quarter-end. It guides the compiler in the estimation process by following a step-by-step approach. The document discusses preliminary analysis of available data,...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/7242392/KS-TC-16-006-EN-N.pdf/9fe035e2-4a09-4ced-8db1-4cba4163576a
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Overview of employment flash estimation methods
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2019
Language(s): English
Abstract: The document provides a general overview of methods that are used in Member States for compiling employment flash estimates at 30 or 45 days after the quarter-end. It guides the compiler in the estimation process by following a step-by-step approach. The document discusses available source data, est...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/9836910/KS-GQ-19-005-EN-N.pdf/a151de1f-5258-4962-a030-e0ffcfdbfeb6
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The Development and Production of GDP Flash Estimates in a Newly Industrialised Country: The Case of South Africa
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: The experimental method and results from the development and production of a flash estimate of GDP as an official statistic at Statistics South Africa are presented and discussed. This could inform national statistical organisations operating under similar statistical production constraints in other...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/5782433/EWP-2011-023-EN.PDF/4a8fe620-7987-45b3-a8b4-1819a35e69cd?version=1.0
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Using the Serbian Composite Index of the Economic Activity for Flash Estimates of the Real Growth of the Quarterly Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Serbian composite index of the economic activity presents weighted monthly dynamics in industry, construction, trade, transport and telecommunication and other services. Based on its trends, significant information about the monthly dynamics of the economic activity is obtained. However, in orde...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/5782729/EWP-2011-036-EN.PDF/fef84af3-8285-4140-abcc-2b612e16a778?version=1.0
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Guidelines on producing leading, composite and sentiment indicators
Institution: UNECE
Year: 2019
Language(s): English
Abstract: This guide provides comprehensive guidance on leading, composite and sentiment indicators (LCS). LCS indicators offer a powerful way of communicating statistical information and of reaching out to users of statistics. The indicators can provide relevant and timely information on aspects of the econo...
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/2019/ECECESSTAT20192.pdf
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Handbook on Cyclical Composite Indicators
Institution: UNSD, Eurostat
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook provides recommendations and harmonized principles on compilation and presentation of cyclical composite indicators by presenting an overview of the available methods and practices in the field. It also clarifies the precise meaning of a cyclical composite indicator.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8232150/KS-GQ-17-003-EN-N.pdf
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Short-term indicators: Priority assessment, quality, revisions and timeliness
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2005
Language(s): English
Abstract: This publication concerns the proceedings of the 90th DGINS conference, which was held in Paris, 13-14 September 2004. The conference focused on "Short-term indicators: Priority assessment, quality, revisions and timeliness." The proceedings reflect the four themes discussed at the conference: (1) m...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/5769913/KS-63-04-876-EN.PDF/6676b405-c69f-4441-af5d-ccd1d00e09f5?version=1.0
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Quarterly national accounts manual
Institution: IMF
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Quarterly National Accounts Manual (the Manual) provides conceptual and practical guidance for compiling quarterly national accounts (QNA) statistics. The Manual offers a comprehensive review of data sources, statistical methods, and compilation techniques to derive official estimates of quarter...
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/qna/pdf/2017/QNAManual2017text.pdf
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Handbook on quarterly national accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: Handbook on quarterly national accounts (2013) includes the update of ESA 2010 and associated transmission programme, the work of task forces to improve and harmonize particular aspects of QNA. The four factors that contributed most to the update are the adoption by EU MSs of quarterly chain-linked ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5936013/KS-GQ-13-004-EN.PDF/3544793c-0bde-4381-a7ad-a5cfe5d8c8d0
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European Statistical System (ESS) guidelines on temporal disaggregation, benchmarking and reconciliation
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: In official statistics there is an increasing demand for indicators at a higher frequency than have traditionally been observed. Eurostat and the European Statistical System (ESS) developed these guidelines to help data producers derive high frequency data (e.g. quarterly or monthly) from low freque...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/9441376/KS-06-18-355-EN.pdf/fce32fc9-966f-4c13-9d20-8ce6ccf079b6
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A comparison of new and established benchmarking methods
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: Benchmarking is a well established method used widely in official statistics to ensure consistency between time series of differing frequencies. For example, in the production of UK National Accounts a number of areas constrain quarterly time series to sum over the year to a related annual time seri...
https://www.ccimi.maths.cam.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Parallel-Session-7.3-Paper.pdf
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Theory and applications of univariate and multivariate models for temporal disaggregation
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2005
Language(s): English
Abstract: This paper deals with benchmarking techniques. Official statistics have shortcomings such as lack of stability over time and thus insufficient length, definition at lower frequencies than those traditionally needed for business cycle analysis, lack of timeliness etc. that could be in part remedied w...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5838369/KS-DT-05-031-EN.PDF/deb8b580-fac0-45d6-817e-13ae46aa02fe
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Handbook on Seasonal Adjustment
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: Seasonal variation is one of the key factors, if not the key factor, that can impact the analysis of times series. In order to derive a meaningful analysis of the data under consideration, this seasonality has to be taken into account and adjusted for. The purpose of this handbook is to take stock o...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8939616/KS-GQ-18-001-EN-N.pdf/7c4d120a-4b8a-441b-aefd-6afe81a7cf59
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ESS Guidelines on Seasonal Adjustment
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: The establishment of common guidelines for seasonal adjustment within the European Statistical System is an essential step towards a better harmonisation and comparability of infra-annual statistics, especially Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs). Following the first 2009 edition which ha...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/6830795/KS-GQ-15-001-EN-N.pdf/d8f1e5f5-251b-4a69-93e3-079031b74bd3
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Seasonality and unobserved components models: an overview
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2006
Language(s): English
Abstract: Paper presented at the Eurostat Conference on Seasonality, Seasonal Adjustment and their Implications for Short-Term Analysis and Forecasting. It covers a wide range of topics in the area of seasonal adjustment.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5842169/KS-DT-06-019-EN.PDF/f046f027-ef69-4095-aa49-d55119998d19
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Seasonal Adjustment and Forecasting of Quarterly Gross Domestic Product: Estonian Experience
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2006
Language(s): English
Abstract: Paper presented at the Eurostat Conference on Seasonality, Seasonal Adjustment and their Implications for Short-Term Analysis and Forecasting. The paper summarizes experiences with forecasting of quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) using seasonal adjustment methods, regression and ARIMA models.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5841849/KS-DT-06-015-EN.PDF/9966519d-e5d5-4584-b3ad-08a8c4732210
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Temporal disaggregation and seasonal adjustment
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2006
Language(s): English
Abstract: The paper discusses the main issues arising in the construction of quarterly national accounts estimates, adjusted for seasonality and calendar effects, obtained by disaggregating the original annual actual measurements using related monthly indicators. It proposes and implements an approach that ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5836721/KS-DT-05-011-EN.PDF/def4847a-3b6f-43d7-9e6a-3f81123c3a37
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Temporal disaggregation by state space methods: dynamic regression methods revisited
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2006
Language(s): English
Abstract: The paper documents and illustrates state space methods that implement time series disaggregation by regression methods, with dynamics that depend on a single autoregressive parameter. The most popular techniques for the distribution of economic flow variables, such as Chow-Lin, Fernandez and Litter...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5837089/KS-DT-05-015-EN.PDF/6e1d6d03-1e05-47cc-b5af-e5082130945d
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Temporal disaggregation of economic time series: towards a dynamic extension
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2003
Language(s): English
Abstract: A methodological note on the estimation of time series. The paper discusses and extends the main techniques used in dynamic regression models (and possibly transformed data) in the identification of the relationship linking the series to be estimated and the (set of) related time series.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5816173/KS_AN-03-035-EN.PDF/21c4417c-dbec-45ec-b440-fe8bf95661b7?version=1.0
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Manual on regional accounts methods - 2013 edition
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Manual on regional accounts is an update of the two methodological booklets of 1996. In addition, it includes the modifications introduced by the ESA 2010. ‘Regional accounts are a regional specification of the corresponding accounts of the national economy. Regional accounts provide a regional...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-GQ-13-001
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Regional (NUTS 3) Gross Value Added Inventory
Institution: Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Regional Gross Value Added (GVA) Inventory provides a detailed explanation of the sources and methods used for estimating gross value added (GVA) in MALTA. It is the basis for the assessment of the quality and exhaustiveness of regional GVA data by Eurostat and their compliance with the European...
https://nso.gov.mt/en/nso/Sources_and_Methods/Unit_02/Regional_and_Geospatial_Statistics/Documents/Regional%20GVA%20Inventory_final.pdf
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Regional accounts methods: Household accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 1996
Language(s): English French German
Abstract: This handbook contains practical recommendations for compiling the regional accounts of private households. Even though it is compiled for the European Union, it can serve as source of inspiration also outside that area for understanding how to define a regional territory and to compile transactions...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/CA-95-96-746
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Regional accounts methods: Tables of General Government
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 1999
Language(s): English
Abstract: The purpose of this manual is to present a methodological approach to obtaining meaningful regional figures on government transactions and units belonging to the government sector. Even if it is not possible totally to regionalise the transactions of general government, useful data for regional anal...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/statmanuals/files/KS-27-00-508-EN.pdf
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Regional accounts methods: Gross value-added and gross fixed capital formation by activity
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 1995
Language(s): English
Abstract: This document expands on the principles settled in the 95 ESA regional chapter to compile regional accounts by industries. The manual intends to give to regional statisticians a clear guidance on the concepts and methods to compile harmonized gross domestic product (GDP), gross value added (GVA) and...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5826149/CA-87-95-943-EN.PDF/ab62f034-d8ce-44e8-93e4-aa1be4f55fd5?version=1.0
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How to treat multi-regional units and the extra-territorial region in the regional accounts?
Institution: Central Bureau of Statistics, The Netherlands
Year: 1992
Language(s): English
Abstract: This paper discusses the regionalization of production and capital formation by multi-regional kind-of-activity units. It also examines the circumstances in which a unit may be said to have a local kind-of activity unit in the extra-territorial region and what should be attributed to this "region".
https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/achtergrond/2006/24/na-54-how-to-treat-multi-regional-units-and-the-extra-territorial-region-in-the-regional-accounts-
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Handbook on the compilation of statistics on illegal economic activities in national accounts and balance of payments
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2018
Language(s): English
Abstract: The present Handbook represents the first comprehensive overview of conceptual and practical issues related the compilation of statistics on illegal economic activities (IEAs) in national accounts (NA) and balance of payments (BOP). Estimating the extent or the value of IEAs is clearly problematic...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8714610/KS-05-17-202-EN-N.pdf/eaf638df-17dc-47a1-9ab7-fe68476100ec
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Measuring the non-observed economy: A handbook
Institution: OECD, IMF, CIS Stat
Year: 2002
Language(s): English French
Abstract: The non-observed economy comprises production activities that are illegal, underground, informal, or otherwise missed by the statistical system. Unless efforts are made to deal with such activities, economic indicators are under-estimated. This can be a serious issue, particularly in transition and ...
https://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/1963116.pdf
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Non-observed economy in national accounts: A survey of country practices
Institution: UNECE
Year: 2008
Language(s): English
Abstract: This report discusses country practices in the coverage of the non-observed economy. The complete coverage of economic production is important in order to ensure good quality national accounts and exhaustive estimates of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A lot of attention is paid to the possibility of ...
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/NOE2008.pdf
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The measurement of the non-observed economy in South Africa
Institution: Statistics South Africa
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This paper provides an overview on how the non-observed economy is defined and the current status of these estimates in the national accounts statistics of South Africa. It is essential that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) estimates be calculated according to international standards and guidelines as p...
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Eurostat-OECD compilation guide on inventories - 2017 edition
Institution: Eurostat, OECD
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Eurostat-OECD compilation guide on inventories represents the first comprehensive overview of conceptual and practical issues related to the compilation of the balance-sheet item ‘inventories’ in the national accounts. The estimation of inventories and changes in inventories in national accou...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/8228095/KS-GQ-17-005-EN-N.pdf/12e80726-35a3-46a9-869a-8f77ca3be742
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Measuring Capital
Institution: OECD
Year: 2009
Language(s): English
Abstract: Capital plays a fundamental role in the process of production and it is a significant component of wealth and source of income. It is vital that both stock and flow aspects of capital are well measured in order to support the development and monitoring of economic policy, as well as economic analysi...
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/9789264068476-en.pdf?expires=1596911677&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=EAA63B8F4686817A3E2E8DD8DB79A241
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Manual on measuring Research and Development in ESA 2010
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2014
Language(s): English
Abstract: The Manual on measuring Research and Development in ESA 2010 sets out a description of the changes to national accounts of introducing recognition of Research and Development as capital formation. It sets out the consequences for the national accounts compiled in the European Union and gives worked ...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5937049/KS-GQ-14-004-EN.PDF/eed4dfe2-9b89-4c30-8c49-f6152912c1a7
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Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products
Institution: OECD
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: This guide discusses compilation methods for measuring national accounts aggregates related to the extraction of natural resource wealth. It identifies key analytical uses of the macroeconomic statistics on natural resources, presenting transactions and other flows related to the natural resources i...
http://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/44312350.pdf
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Compilation Guide to Analyze Natural Resources in the National Accounts
Institution: IMF
Year: 2017
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Guide to Analyze Natural Resources in the National Accounts (The Guide) presents and explains a set of standard Template Tables using the concepts recommended in the United Nations’ System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA). Economic activity associated with natural resources is macro-critica...
https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/qna/pdf/na.pdf
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Eurostat-OECD survey of national practices in estimating net stocks of structures
Institution: Eurostat, OECD
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: This report presents the responses to a 2013 Eurostat-OECD survey of national practices for estimating depreciation and net capital stocks ('wealth stocks') of dwellings and other buildings and structures in national accounts. The survey, endorsed by the Eurostat-OECD Task Force on land and other no...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/24987/4253483/Eurostat-OECD-survey-of-national-practices-estimating-net-stocks-structures.pdf
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Eurostat-OECD compilation guide on land estimation
Institution: Eurostat, OECD
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: The aim of the compilation guide is to provide conceptual and practical guidance to statisticians concerning the estimation and valuation of land and to increase international comparability. The guide clarifies theoretical concepts and proposes a breakdown of land into categories so that internation...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/6893405/KS-GQ-14-012-EN-N.pdf
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Handbook on Deriving Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Products
Institution: OECD
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: This handbook provides guidance in the statistical treatment of research and experimental development as capital formation. The latest System of National Accounts (the 2008 SNA) explicitly recognises, for the first time, that expenditures on research and experimental development (R&D) should be reco...
http://www.oecd.org/sdd/na/44312350.pdf
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Final Report on Intellectual Property Products
Institution: OECD, Eurostat
Year: 2010
Language(s): English
Abstract: The report focuses on three types of intellectual property rights (IPPs): research and development, computer software and databases, and other IPPs. The main aim is to provide practical guidance and recommendations to countries to compile estimates for IPPs. The report describes available data sourc...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/24987/725066/Eurostat-OECD+Report+on+Intellectual+Property+Products.pdf
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Measurement of Government Output and Productivity for the National Accounts
Institution:
Year: 2005
Language(s): English
Abstract: The paper by Anthony B. Atkinson deals with the measurement of government output in the United Kingdom through various ways of estimating productivity in the key functional areas of health, education, public order and safety and social protection.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/50859339_The_Atkinson_review_final_report_Measurement_of_government_output_and_productivity_for_the_national_accounts
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Measuring Productivity
Institution: OECD
Year: 2001
Language(s): English
Abstract: Measures of productivity growth constitute core indicators for the analysis of economic growth. However, there are many different approaches to productivity measurement and their calculation and interpretation requires careful consideration, in particular when undertaking international comparisons. ...
http://www.oecd.org/sdd/productivity-stats/2352458.pdf
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Guide to Measuring Global Production
Institution: UNECE
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: Global production has evolved and now encompasses a broad range of business arrangements and organizational forms. Today, multinational enterprises (MNE) account for a large share of international trade between countries. National statistical institutes (NSI) need to keep track of the changing forms...
https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/2015/Guide_to_Measuring_Global_Production__2015_.pdf
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The Impact of Globalization on National Accounts
Institution: UNECE
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Guide focuses on the main aspects of globalization and recommends solutions and best practices aimed at improving the design, processing and use of the data and achieving better international consistency in the identified problem areas. It examines how globalization affects the compilation of e...
https://www.unsiap.or.jp/e-learning/el_material/4_Eco/4_1_Eco_stat/2020_01_SUT_JPN/References/Guide_on_Impact_of_globalization_on_national_accounts.pdf
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Technical Compilation Guide for Pension Data in National Accounts
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2012
Language(s): English
Abstract: The European Commission (Eurostat) and the European Central Bank (ECB) have released the Technical Compilation Guide for Pension Data in National Accounts. The Guide, produced by the two institutions, is a handbook for compilers and users of data on pension schemes in social insurance. It aims at su...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5922461/KS-RA-11-027-EN.PDF/7a18e53d-8ffa-4397-ad03-04450bb35b02
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The statistical recording of an unbalanced transfer of pension obligations to government under ESA 2010
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2013
Language(s): English
Abstract: This note is about the statistical treatment of unbalanced transfers of pension obligations to government in the European Union. Institutional units, including private corporations, public corporations and government entities, may set up specific pension schemes for their own staff. For various reas...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1015035/2041337/ESTAT-decision-Unbalanced-transfer-pension-oblig-to-gov-.pdf
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Handbook of National Accounting Financial Production, Flows and Stocks in the System of National Accounts
Institution: UNSD, European Central Bank
Year: 2014
Language(s): English French Spanish Arabic
Abstract: The purpose of the Handbook of National Accounting: Financial Production, Flows and Stocks is to strengthen the statistical capacity for compiling financial transactions in the national accounts, in accordance with the implementation programme for the 2008 SNA. The concepts are described and defined...
https://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/docs/FinancialHB.pdf
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Measurement of Financial Services
Institution: COMESA
Year: 2012
Language(s): English
Abstract: This manual deals with the measurement of financial services and related issues regarding the financial sector. The main focus is on the measurement of output and therefore, the manual is organised according to how output is measured. Each chapter discusses the measurement of output at current an...
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Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of ESA 95 financial accounts, Second Edition - 2011 update
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2011
Language(s): English
Abstract: This re-edition of the 'Manual on sources and methods for the compilation of ESA95 financial accounts, 2nd edition' includes an update of the chapter on recommendations and the one on Switzerland and gives a comprehensive description of the latest national sources and methodologies. The aim of the m...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5916041/KS-RA-11-004-EN.PDF/da51831e-2a23-427f-b964-d70839c7fd28
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Foreign trade reported by non-residents
Institution: Eurostat, OECD
Year: 2015
Language(s): English
Abstract: This methodological note examines issues related to international trade reported by non-residents. It highlights the importance of the concept of change of ownership, and that the physical movement of goods is not a determining factor in the compilation of foreign trade.
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4187653/7102126/ESA-2010-note/3474d0b4-c358-41ed-8aa0-d13b6b828c99
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Handbook on the compilation of statistics on sea and air transport in national accounts and balance of payments
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2020
Language(s): English
Abstract: This Handbook represents the first comprehensive overview of conceptual and practical issues related the compilation of statistics on sea and air transport in national accounts (NA) and balance of payments (BOP). Specifically, it shows how to estimate the contribution of the use of vessels and aircr...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/11126476/KS-GQ-20-007-EN-N.pdf/f055495a-90d2-dc3a-46ac-c67701c6a623
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Differences between Balance of Payments and Foreign Trade Statistics
Institution: Eurostat
Year: 2004
Language(s): English
Abstract: Given that foreign trade is treated exactly the same way in the NA and BoP, the discussion in this document on the differences between the BoP and FTS are pertinent also in the context of NA compilation. Both the BoP/NA and the FTS provide data for the external trade in goods of a given country, but...
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3888793/5829933/KS-DB-04-001-EN.PDF/9948afe5-bcf6-45b2-85d6-2f580d6ec759
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