, a definition of a technology classification based on ISIC Rev.2 is described in the STI Working Paper 1997/2 "Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification", introducing four categories: high-, medium-high, medium-low and low technology based on analyses of direct R&D intensity and indirect R&D intensity (i.e R&D embodied in intermediate and investment goods, both domestically produced and imported) by industry within selected OECD countries.
These four categories have later been expressed in terms of ISIC Rev.3.
At the same time, the notion of "knowledge-intensive industries" has received increasing attention.
This extract of the
provide some background on this.
Since a sufficient set of data for calculation of the necessary ratios is not yet available, these industry aggregations can currently be defined in terms of ISIC Rev.4 only by way of applying correspondence tables between ISIC3 and ISIC4.
The tables below show aggregations of manufacturing and services industries in the categories mentioned above, based on current Eurostat work.
Eurostat uses the following aggregation of the manufacturing industry according to technological intensity and based on ISIC Rev. 4 at 3-digit level for compiling aggregates related to high-technology, medium high-technology, medium low-technology and low-technology. In a few cases (R&D, Employment in high-tech and HRST), due to restrictions of the data sources used, the aggregations are only made on an ISIC 2-digit level. Therefore a separate list is used for data where only ISIC 2-digit level is available.
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High-technology | 21 | Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations |
26 | Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products |
303 | Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery |
Medium-high-technology | 20 | Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products |
252 | Manufacture of weapons and ammunition |
27 | Manufacture of electrical equipment |
28 | Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. |
29 | Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers |
302 | Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock |
304 | Manufacture of military fighting vehicles |
309 | Manufacture of transport equipment n.e.c. |
325 | Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies |
Medium-low-technology | 182 | Reproduction of recorded media |
19 | Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products |
22 | Manufacture of rubber and plastics products |
23 | Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products |
24 | Manufacture of basic metals |
251 | Manufacture of structural metal products, tanks, reservoirs and steam generators |
259 | Manufacture of other fabricated metal products; metalworking service activities |
301 | Building of ships and boats |
33 | Repair and installation of machinery and equipment |
Low-technology | 10 | Manufacture of food products |
11 | Manufacture of beverages |
12 | Manufacture of tobacco products |
13 | Manufacture of textiles |
14 | Manufacture of wearing apparel |
15 | Manufacture of leather and related products |
16 | Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials |
17 | Manufacture of paper and paper products |
181 | Printing and service activities related to printing |
31 | Manufacture of furniture |
321 | Manufacture of jewellery, bijouterie and related articles |
322 | Manufacture of musical instruments |
323 | Manufacture of sports goods |
324 | Manufacture of games and toys |
329 | Other manufacturing n.e.c. |
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High-technology | 21 | Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations |
26 | Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products |
Medium-high-technology | 20 | Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products |
27 | Manufacture of electrical equipment |
28 | Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c. |
29 | Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers |
30 | Manufacture of other transport equipment |
Medium-low-technology | 19 | Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products |
22 | Manufacture of rubber and plastics products |
23 | Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products |
24 | Manufacture of basic metals |
25 | Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment |
33 | Repair and installation of machinery and equipment |
Low-technology | 10 | Manufacture of food products |
11 | Manufacture of beverages |
12 | Manufacture of tobacco products |
13 | Manufacture of textiles |
14 | Manufacture of wearing apparel |
15 | Manufacture of leather and related products |
16 | Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials |
17 | Manufacture of paper and paper products |
18 | Printing and reproduction of recorded media |
31 | Manufacture of furniture |
32 | Other manufacturing |
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Following a similar approach as for manufacturing, Eurostat defines the following sector as knowledge-intensive services (KIS) or as less knowledge-intensive services (LKIS), where each is sub-divided in further sub-sectors. Aggregations for services are only made at NACE 2-digit level.
For a more compact presentation, if all divisions within a section fall into the same category, only the section level is shown.
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Knowledge-intensive services (KIS) | 50 | Water transport |
51 | Air transport |
J | Information and communication |
K | Financial and insurance activities |
M | Professional, scientific and technical activities |
78 | Employment activities |
80 | 80 Security and investigation activities |
O | Public administration and defence; compulsory social security |
P | Education |
Q | Human health and social work activities |
R | Arts, entertainment and recreation |
Knowledge-intensive market services (excluding high-tech and financial services) | 50 | Water transport |
51 | Air transport |
69 | Legal and accounting activities |
70 | Activities of head offices; management consultancy activities |
71 | Architectural and engineering activities; technical testing and analysis |
73 | Advertising and market research |
74 | Other professional, scientific and technical activities |
78 | Employment activities |
80 | Security and investigation activities |
High-tech knowledge-intensive services | 59 | Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities |
60 | Programming and broadcasting activities |
61 | Telecommunications |
62 | Computer programming, consultancy and related activities |
63 | Information service activities |
72 | Scientific research and development |
Knowledge-intensive financial services | K | Financial and insurance activities |
Other knowledge-intensive services | 58 | Publishing activities |
75 | Veterinary activities |
O | Public administration and defence; compulsory social security |
P | Education |
Q | Human health and social work activities |
R | Arts, entertainment and recreation |
Less knowledge-intensive services (LKIS) | G | Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles |
49 | Land transport and transport via pipelines |
52 | Warehousing and support activities for transportation |
53 | Postal and courier activities |
I | Accommodation and food service activities |
L | Real estate activities |
77 | Rental and leasing activities |
79 | Travel agency, tour operator, reservation service and related activities |
81 | Services to buildings and landscape activities |
82 | Office administrative, office support and other business support activities |
S | Other service activities |
T | Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use |
U | Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies |
Less knowledge-intensive market services | G | Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles |
49 | Land transport and transport via pipelines |
52 | Warehousing and support activities for transportation |
I | Accommodation and food service activities |
L | Real estate activities |
77 | Rental and leasing activities |
79 | Travel agency, tour operator, reservation service and related activities |
81 | Services to buildings and landscape activities |
82 | Office administrative, office support and other business support activities |
95 | Repair of computers and personal and household goods |
Other less knowledge-intensive services | 53 | Postal and courier activities |
94 | Activities of membership organizations |
96 | Other personal service activities |
T | Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use |
U | Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies |
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